北冰洋海水中首次檢測(cè)到新型PFAS化合物！
日期：2020-08-10 07:53:39
作者：創(chuàng)弗化工
分類：新聞中心
瀏覽：429次
在一項(xiàng)新研究中，研究人員在北冰洋地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了29種PFAS化合物。這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)包括一種新的化合物：HFPO-DA（商品名 GenX）。這種化合物已確定會(huì)引起癌癥和其他健康問(wèn)題的PFOA和PFOS的替代品。隨后，這種化合物已被證明會(huì)引起健康問(wèn)題。
In a new?study, researchers identify 29 types of PFAS in the?Arctic Ocean. The chemicals include a newer material, called HFPO-DA. It was created to replace old compounds (PFOA and PFOS) determined to cause cancer and other health problems. Subsequently, this material has been?shown?to cause health problems of its own.
PFAS被稱為“永久化學(xué)品”，因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡苄枰獢?shù)千年的時(shí)間才能降解。它的來(lái)源包括：家庭用品（食品包裝和炊具），制造工廠、機(jī)場(chǎng)和軍事設(shè)施中的工業(yè)材料。
PFAS are known as "forever chemicals" because it can take?thousands of years?for them to degrade. The substances stem from a variety of?sources: household goods like?food packaging?and cookware, as well as industrial materials in manufacturing plants, airports, and military installations.
它們似乎無(wú)處不在：土壤，空氣，水，甚至我們的血液。這項(xiàng)研究于周三發(fā)表在《環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)》雜志上，這是新型PFAS已經(jīng)到達(dá)北極圈的第一個(gè)證據(jù)。
They are also, seemingly,?everywhere: in the soil, air, water; our blood. The research, published on Wednesday in the journal?Environmental Science & Technology, is the first evidence that the newer PFAS have even reached the Arctic.
為了追蹤長(zhǎng)期存在的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，研究小組從弗蘭姆海峽（Fram Strait）（大西洋與北冰洋的連接點(diǎn)，格陵蘭島和挪威群島斯瓦爾巴特群島之間）收集了水樣。
To track the long-lasting chemicals, the study team collected water samples from Fram Strait, the connection point between the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. It runs between Greenland and the Norwegian archipelago Svalbard.
??據(jù)報(bào)告，從北冰洋流出水中的PFAS含量高于進(jìn)入北冰洋水中PFAS含量，這表明這些化合物來(lái)自大氣，而不是海洋本身。作者推測(cè)，雪和冰中可能含有這些化合物。
Higher levels of PFAS in the water were reported?exiting?the Arctic Ocean than?entering?the polar sea, indicating that the compounds are coming from the atmosphere, not the ocean itself. Snow and ice are likely retaining the compounds, the authors hypothesize.
研究人員還提出，“?由于氣候變化，常年冰川和積雪的減少”可能釋放出幾十年前沉積的PFAS，而這些物質(zhì)在逐步淘汰之前就已經(jīng)沉積了，這也許可以解釋為什么同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了新型和舊型PFAS。這一假設(shè)反過(guò)來(lái)會(huì)印證這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)自北冰洋的想法。
The researchers also suggest that "the loss of perennial?glacial mass?and snow due to climate change" could release certain types of PFAS which were deposited decades ago, before the materials were phased out — which may explain why old and new PFAS were both found. That hypothesis would, in turn, reinforce the idea that the chemicals are coming from the Arctic Ocean.
迄今為止，在環(huán)境中控制PFAS的嘗試均告失敗。
Previous attempts to rein in PFAS in the environment have, so far, come up short.
在2000年代初期，研究人員就已經(jīng)公開(kāi)了PFAS會(huì)引起健康問(wèn)題及該類物質(zhì)已經(jīng)無(wú)處不在的事實(shí)。在地球偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的北極熊血液和其他野生動(dòng)植物中都發(fā)現(xiàn)了PFAS。
In the?early 2000s, researchers publicized the fact that PFAS cause health problems and are practically ubiquitous. The substances have been found in?polar bear blood?and other wildlife in remote parts of the planet.?
? ??作為回應(yīng)，PFAS被淘汰了。杜邦化學(xué)公司的子公司開(kāi)始制造一種新化合物來(lái)代替淘汰的PFAS——以商品名GenX銷售。GenX也被稱為HFPO-DA，今天仍在生產(chǎn)，主要用于油漆、戶外織物和滅火泡沫。
In response, those materials were phased out. A subsidiary of the chemical company DuPont began to make a new compound to replace retired PFAS, sold under the commercial name?GenX. Also called HFPO-DA, it is still being manufactured today — used in paint, outdoor fabrics, and firefighting foam.
但之后的研究證明GenX也是有害的。EPA的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，口腔接觸可導(dǎo)致腎臟、血液、免疫系統(tǒng)、胎兒發(fā)育和肝臟健康問(wèn)題，
But further research has shown that GenX is also harmful. Studies in animals have demonstrated that oral exposure can cause health issues in the kidney, blood, immune system, developing fetus, and liver, the Environmental Protection Agency?reports.
而現(xiàn)在，HFPO-DA已進(jìn)入北冰洋。隨著兩代化學(xué)品在全球范圍內(nèi)流通，它沒(méi)有解決PFAS問(wèn)題，反而加劇了環(huán)境問(wèn)題。研究作者將其描述為“全球環(huán)境問(wèn)題的綜合體，應(yīng)當(dāng)在未來(lái)建立法規(guī)對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)估”。
And now, HFPO-DA has made its way to the Arctic Ocean. Instead of fixing the issue of PFAS, it has amplified environmental troubles, as both generations of chemicals circulate the globe. The study authors describe it as "a compound of global environmental concern and it should?be evaluated with?regard?to?future regulations."
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